ILO Working Paper 140 (2025): Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗AI monitoring tools are improving precision viticulture. The winemaker's sensory expertise, creative decisions, and understanding of terroir remain is moving quickly but still depends on deployment, regulation, and economics.
Viticulturists and winemakers grow grapes and produce wine — managing the vineyard through the growing season and making the countless decisions in the winery that determine the character of the final wine. This is the intersection of agriculture, science, and art.
AI viticulture monitoring systems track vine health, disease pressure, water stress, and grape ripeness from sensors and satellite data — providing more comprehensive monitoring than was previously possible. AI disease prediction models help plan spraying programmes.
But the winemaker's decisions — when to harvest for the style of wine they are making, how to manage fermentation to achieve the desired character, how to blend different parcels to create a coherent wine — require sensory expertise and creative judgment that AI cannot replicate.
Fine wine is also a product of specific place (terroir) and specific human hands — the winemaker's signature is part of the wine's value. Consumers of fine wine pay for the human expertise and identity of the winemaker.
Climate change is creating new wine regions (English wine growing rapidly) and challenging established regions, creating new demand for viticulture expertise.
These are the genuine threats to this profession. They are real, but they are not sufficient to overturn the fundamental analysis. Here is why.
Put the case that Viticulturist / Winemaker will not survive AI displacement. The system responds with counterarguments from the research base. Strong arguments shift the score — up to a maximum of ±15 points. The system is not an AI. It is a structured argument engine.
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Safe to present as a framework-level forecast, provided the page remains labelled as interpretive and source-grounded rather than certain.
TIER 3 review queue with 7 core sources and 3 framework signals.
This page is grounded in task exposure research and labour-market trend reports, then translated into a reasoned occupation-level argument.
This site now treats exact timelines, total job-loss counts, and regional speed as interpretive estimates unless a cited source states them directly. The argument on this page should be read as a structured forecast, not a guaranteed future.
These impact figures are site estimates for comparison and should not be read as official labour-market counts.
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Finds clerical work is the most highly exposed occupational group and that augmentation is often more likely than full occupation automation.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Shows AI exposure is highest in many white-collar cognitive occupations, while manual occupations tend to have lower exposure.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Advanced economies are more exposed to AI because they have more cognitive-intensive jobs; infrastructure and skills limit adoption elsewhere.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Large-employer survey showing clerical roles among the fastest-declining and care, education, software and green-transition jobs among growth areas.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Notes substantial automation risk remains, while observed labour-market effects remain mixed rather than universally destructive.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Argues advanced economies are better positioned to benefit from AI due to infrastructure, skills, and institutions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗