ILO Working Paper 140 (2025): Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Diplomacy is the management of international relations by human representatives of sovereign states. It is definitionally human. AI provides intelligence; humans conduct diplomacy.
Diplomats represent sovereign states in negotiations, manage bilateral and multilateral relationships, report on foreign political developments, and exercise political judgment in the most complex and consequential human interactions. AI cannot represent a state. It cannot be trusted by a foreign government. It has no mandate and no accountability.
AI tools assist diplomats enormously: real-time translation, intelligence analysis, communication drafting, and scenario modelling. These make diplomats more effective and informed. But the diplomatic act — building trust with a foreign counterpart, reading the room in a negotiation, making the judgment to compromise or hold firm — requires the presence of a human who carries the authority and accountability of their state.
Diplomacy also has deep cultural and personal dimensions. The relationship between two ambassadors built over years shapes the bilateral relationship between their countries in ways that cannot be systematised or automated.
These are the genuine threats to this profession. They are real, but they are not sufficient to overturn the fundamental analysis. Here is why.
Put the case that Diplomat will not survive AI displacement. The system responds with counterarguments from the research base. Strong arguments shift the score — up to a maximum of ±15 points. The system is not an AI. It is a structured argument engine.
This question layer is generated from the job verdict, the resistance case, the regional rollout logic, and the evidence status of this page. Use the filters to focus the discussion, or trigger a random question and work through the role from multiple angles.
Safe to present as a framework-level forecast, provided the page remains labelled as interpretive and source-grounded rather than certain.
TIER 3 review queue with 6 core sources and 1 framework signals.
This page is grounded in task exposure research and labour-market trend reports, then translated into a reasoned occupation-level argument.
This site now treats exact timelines, total job-loss counts, and regional speed as interpretive estimates unless a cited source states them directly. The argument on this page should be read as a structured forecast, not a guaranteed future.
These impact figures are site estimates for comparison and should not be read as official labour-market counts.
Task-level occupational exposure framework for generative AI, built from expert input and model predictions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Finds clerical work is the most highly exposed occupational group and that augmentation is often more likely than full occupation automation.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Shows AI exposure is highest in many white-collar cognitive occupations, while manual occupations tend to have lower exposure.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Advanced economies are more exposed to AI because they have more cognitive-intensive jobs; infrastructure and skills limit adoption elsewhere.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Large-employer survey showing clerical roles among the fastest-declining and care, education, software and green-transition jobs among growth areas.
OPEN SOURCE ↗Argues advanced economies are better positioned to benefit from AI due to infrastructure, skills, and institutions.
OPEN SOURCE ↗